The www resource center for scientists interested in the use of

Scandium in Aluminium Alloys

News / updates:

  • Updates in the Literature List
    (Aug. 29)

  • Updates in the Literature List
    (Aug. 9)

  • Updates in the Literature List
    (Aug. 5)

  • Updates in the ICAA section
    (Aug. 4)

  • Updates in the Literature List
    (Aug. 4)

  • Updates in the Literature List
    (July 30)


    Some items that are made from Sc-containing Al-alloys:


    MiG-29 fighter aircraft


    AirLite ScTM hand guns from Smith & Wesson


    Drivers and golf club shafts by Element 21


    Baseball bats in Easton's Sc777 alloy


    Bicycle frames in Easton's Sc7000 tubing
    (Sc Viper by Dion is shown here)


    Lacrosse stick by STX


    Tent-poles (Birdland Colibri)

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    Motivation for making these pages, and how to contribute.

    A literature review on scandium in aluminium alloys is available online.
    This review was published in
    International Materials Reviews, vol. 50 (2005) no. 1.
    Enjoy.


    The investigation on use of scandium in Al-alloys began in Russia in the 70's, although such alloys were patented in the US in 1971. During the 80's Russian scientists implemented Sc in several alloy systems. Today a series of commercial Russian Al-alloys has a minor content of Sc.

    There are several advantages of using Sc in Al-alloys. The effect of a Sc-addition will of course depend on the type and composition of the alloy. In most cases one can achieve:

    1. Grain refinement during casting or welding

    2. Increased strength from Al3Sc precipitates

    3. Increased resistance to recrystallization

    4. Enhanced superplastic properties

    The last two properties are due to the pinning action (Zener-drag) from Al3Sc particles on grain boundaries.

    Read more about the current uses of Sc-containing Al-alloys

    Publications

    I have collected a vast amount of journal- and conference papers that are dealing with Sc-containing Al-alloys. Feel free to print a list of the collection. ( Last update: August 29 2010 )

    I am continuously expanding my collection of Al-Sc papers, and I would be most grateful to receive copies of articles that are not in the list above. Check here for a list of articles that I am aware of, but that I haven't got copies of yet.

    A book on Scandium in Aluminum Alloys was released in 1998.

    The ICAA-conferences (International Conference on Aluminium Alloys) normally host several presentations on Al-Sc alloys. The next conference in this series, ICAA12, which will be held in Yokohama, Japan on September 5-9 2010, will probably not be an exception in that respect.

    Papers on Al-Sc presented at the ICAA-conferences:
    |ICAA2, ICAA3, ICAA4||ICAA5| |ICAA6||ICAA7| |ICAA8||ICAA9| |ICAA10| |ICAA11|

    For more publications, maybe the Rare Earth Information Center at Ames Laboratory can help.

    Where to buy scandium

    A major drawback of using scandium for any purpose is the incredibely high price. To my knowledge, Russia and China are the major manufacturers. Prices of Sc metal will of course depend on the purity. High purity metal should not be required for making Al-Sc alloys. Al-Sc master alloys are also available, most of them are probably Al-2%Sc alloys from the former Soviet Union.

    I have collected a list of Sc-dealers, most of them I have come across by coincidence while surfing the net.

    Some people currently or recently involved in Al-Sc related research

    I have come across a few web-pages on Al-Sc research while browsing the internet. In addition, I have had some contact with other researchers working in this field. Based on this I have made a listing of people involved in Al-Sc research.

    Upcoming and recent conference contributions

    I have made a listing of recent and upcoming conference presentations on Sc-containing Al-alloys.
    Please notify me if you are aware about upcoming presentations that are not listed.

    Companies with information about properties of Al-Sc alloys

    Tim Worstall's The Low Hanging Fruit Company. A major player in the Al-Sc business, and there is lots of information on Sc present and prospective application, historic anecdotes etc. on these pages.

    Easton is making a variety of sports equipment from Sc-containing Al-alloys.
    See the fabrication instructions for bicycle tube sets of their Sc7000 alloy

    Hodaka, a Taiwanese bicycle manufacturer, has a nice overview of the effect of Sc in Al-alloys. (The picture of a 6061-tube is baloney, though)

    Smith&Wesson has a brief history of the development of their AirLite ScTM hand guns.
    More about these guns from Guns Magazine.

    Other informative web-sites on Al-Sc

    The web-pages of the Scandium Information Center contains - guess what - information about Scandium
    This site is registered on "Scandium Research Association" by James Chen who, judging from his e-mail address, is affiliated with Stanford Materials Corporation, a supplier of Sc and Al-Sc alloys.

    Take a look at the excellent Al-Sc site made by James Myers, a student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

    Mining, commodities and such

    An international symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Scandium was held at the Geological Museum, University of Oslo, in the summer of 2003, with an excursion to Norwegian localities of scandium minerals

    The U.S. Geological Survey has a "Scandium Information" - page, with yearly updated information about production, use and demand of Sc, and a contact person.

    In Australia, the Jervois Mining recently announced a major Scandium deposit in New South Wales.

    say this is access nr. on this page after March 29th 1996.

    Created Feb. 22 1996, Maintained by Jostein Røyset, Last changed on August 29 2010